The Whistle Blows Again. What Frequency Does the Driver Hear? Answer in Units of Hz.
Audio and Music Review
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Function B: Multiple Selection
10. What type of wave is produced when the particles of the medium are vibrating to and fro in the same direction of moving ridge propagation?
| a. longitudinal moving ridge. | b. audio wave. | c. standing wave. | d. transverse wave. |
Respond: A
This is the definition of a longitudinal moving ridge. A longitudinal moving ridge is a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate to and fro in a direction parallel to the direction of free energy ship.
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11.
When the particles of a medium are vibrating at right angles to the direction of free energy transport, the type of moving ridge is described as a _____ wave.
| a. longitudinal | b. sound | c. standing | d. transverse |
Answer: D
This is the definition of a transverse wave. A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate to and fro in a management perpendicular to the direction of free energy ship.
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12.
A transverse wave is traveling through a medium. Come across diagram below. The particles of the medium are moving.
| a. parallel to the line joining Advert. | b. along the line joining CI. |
| c. perpendicular to the line joining Ad. | d. at diverse angles to the line CI. |
| e. along the curve CAEJGBI. |
Reply: A
In transverse waves, particles of the medium vibrate to and fro in a direction perpendicular to the direction of energy send. In this case, that would be parallel to the line Advertisement.
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13.
If the energy in a longitudinal wave travels from due south to north, the particles of the medium ____.
| a. motility from north to south, just. | b. vibrate both north and southward. |
| c. motility from e to west, only. | d. vibrate both east and west. |
Respond: B
In longitudinal waves, particles of the medium vibrate to and from in a management parallel to the direction of energy transport. If the particles but moved northward and not back south, then the particles would be permanently displaced from their rest position; this is not wavelike.
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xiv.
The principal factor which effects the speed of a sound moving ridge is the ____.
| a. amplitude of the sound moving ridge | b. intensity of the sound moving ridge |
| c. loudness of the sound wave | d. properties of the medium |
| e. pitch of the sound wave |
Answer: D
The speed of a wave is dependent upon the properties of the medium and non the properties of the wave.
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xv.
As a wave travels into a medium in which its speed increases, its wavelength ____.
| a. decreases | b. increases | c. remains the same |
Reply: B
As a wave crosses a boundary into a new medium, its speed and wavelength change while its frequency remains the aforementioned. If the speed increases, and so the wavelength must increment as well in order to maintain the same frequency.
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sixteen.
As a moving ridge passes across a boundary into a new medium, which characteristic of the wave would NOT change?
| a. speed | b. frequency | c. wavelength |
Reply: B
Equally a wave crosses a boundary into a new medium, its speed and wavelength change while its frequency remains the same. This is truthful of all waves as they pass from one medium to another medium.
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17.
The ____ is divers every bit the number of cycles of a periodic moving ridge occurring per unit time.
| a. wavelength | b. menses | c. amplitude | d. frequency |
Answer: D
This is a basic definition which you lot should know and be able to use.
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eighteen.
Many wave properties are dependent upon other wave properties. However, one wave belongings is independent of all other wave properties. Which 1 of the following properties of a moving ridge is independent of all the others?
| a. wavelength | b. frequency | c. menses | d. velocity |
Answer: D
The speed (or velocity) of a wave is dependent upon the backdrop of the medium through which it moves, not upon the properties of the wave itself.
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xix.
Consider the movement of waves in a wire. Waves volition travel fastest in a ____ wire.
| a. tight and heavy | b. tight and light | c. loose and heavy | d. loose and lite |
Answer: B
The speed of a wave in a wire is given by the equation
where Ftens is the tension of the wire and a mensurate of how tight it is pulled and mu is the linear density of the wire and a measure of how calorie-free it is on a per meter footing. Tighter wires let for faster speeds. Light wires allow for faster speeds.
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The SI unit for frequency is hertz.
Answer: A
Know this like the back of your hand (bold you know the dorsum of your hand well).
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Doubling the frequency of a sound source doubles the speed of the sound waves which it produces.
Answer: B
Don't be fooled. Wave speed may equal frequency*wavelength. Yet doubling the frequency merely halves the wavelength; moving ridge speed remains the same. To modify the wave speed, the medium would have to be changed.
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22.
A sound moving ridge has a wavelength of 3.0 k. The altitude between the middle of a compression and the center of the next adjacent rarefaction is ____.
| a. 0.75 m. | b. 1.5 m. | c. 3.0 m. | d. vi.0 m. |
| eastward. incommunicable to summate without knowing frequency. | |||
Respond: B
The wavelength of a wave is measured as the altitude between whatsoever two corresponding points on next wave. For a sound wave, that would be from compression to the next adjacent compression. If that distance is 3.0 meters, then the altitude from compression to the next adjacent rarefaction is 1.5 m.
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23.
Which ane of the following factors determines the pitch of a sound?
a. The amplitude of the sound moving ridgeb. The distance of the sound wave from the source
c. The frequency of the sound wave
d. The phase of different parts of the sound moving ridge
eastward. The speed of the sound wave
Answer: C
The pitch of a sound wave is related to the frequency of the sound wave.
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24.
A certain note is produced when a person blows air into an organ pipe. The manner in which one blows on a organ pipe (or any pipage) volition issue the characteristics of the audio which is produced. If the person blows slightly harder, the most probable change will be that the sound wave will increase in ____.
| a. amplitude | b. frequency | c. pitch | d. speed | east. wavelength |
Answer: A
If you lot put more energy into the wave - i.eastward., blow harder - so the amplitude of the waves will be greater. Energy and amplitude are related.
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25.
A vibrating object with a frequency of 200 Hz produces audio which travels through air at 360 thou/south. The number of meters separating the adjacent compressions in the audio wave is ____.
| a. 0.90 | b. 1.8 | c. 3.6 | d. 7.ii | east. 200 |
Respond: B
Let w=wavelength; and so v = w*f. In this trouble, it is given that v=360 m/south and f = 200 Hz. Substitution and algebra yields w = v/f = ane.8 k. The question asks for the wavelength - i.eastward., the distance between adjacent compressions.
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26.
Consider the diagram below of several circular waves created at diverse times and locations. The diagram illustrates ____.
| a. interference | b. diffraction | c. the Doppler effect. | d. polarization |
Answer: C
The Doppler effect or Doppler shift occurs when a source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The observer observes a different frequency of waves than that emitted past the source. This is due to the fact that the waves are compressed together into less space in the direction in which the source is heading.
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27.
In the diagram above, a person positioned at indicate A would perceive __________ frequency every bit the person positioned at point B.
| a. a higher | b. a lower | c. the aforementioned |
Reply: A
The Doppler effect or Doppler shift occurs when a source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The observer observes a dissimilar frequency of waves than that emitted past the source. If the source and observer are approaching, then the observed frequency is higher than the emitted frequency. If the source and observer are moving away from each other, the observer observes a lower frequency than the emitted frequency.
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28.
A girl moves abroad from a source of audio at a constant speed. Compared to the frequency of the sound wave produced by the source, the frequency of the sound wave heard by the girl is ____.
| a. lower. | b. college. | c. the same. |
Answer: A
The Doppler effect or Doppler shift occurs when a source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The observer observes a different frequency of waves than that emitted by the source. If the source and observer are moving away, so the observed frequency is lower than the emitted frequency.
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29.
An earth-based receiver is detecting electromagnetic waves from a source in outer infinite. If the frequency of the waves are observed to be increasing, and then the distance between the source and the world is probably ____.
| a. decreasing. | b. increasing. | c. remaining the same. |
Answer: A
The Doppler effect or Doppler shift occurs when a source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The observer observes a unlike frequency of waves than that emitted by the source. If the source and observer are approaching, so the observed frequency is higher than the emitted frequency. If the source and observer are approaching, so the distance between them is decreasing.
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30.
Equally two or more waves pass simultaneously through the aforementioned region, ____ tin occur.
| a. refraction | b. diffraction | c. interference | d. reflection |
Answer: C
Interference is the meeting of two or more waves when passing along the same medium - a basic definition which you should know and be able to utilize.
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If ii crests meet while passing through the aforementioned medium, so constructive interference occurs.
Answer: A
Aye! Or when a trough meets a trough or whenever two waves displaced in the same direction - both up or both downward - run into.
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32.
A node is a indicate along a medium where at that place is always ____.
| a. a crest meeting a crest | b. a trough coming together a trough | c. constructive interference |
| d. destructive interference | e. a double rarefaction. |
Reply: D
A node is a signal forth the medium of no displacement. The point is not displaced because destructive interference occurs at this signal.
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Information technology is possible that ane vibrating object can ready another object into vibration if the natural frequencies of the two objects are the same.
Answer: A
Yes! This is known as resonance. Resonance occurs when a vibrating object forces another object into vibration at the same natural frequency. A bones definition of a ordinarily discussed phenomenon.
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34.
An object is vibrating at its natural frequency. Repeated and periodic vibrations of the same natural frequency impinge upon the vibrating object and the amplitude of its vibrations are observed to increase. This phenomenon is known every bit ____.
| a. beats | b. primal | c. interference | d. overtone | due east. resonance |
Answer: Eastward
Resonance occurs when a vibrating object forces another object into vibration at the aforementioned natural frequency and thus increase the amplitude of its vibrations. A bones definition of a usually discussed phenomenon.
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35.
A standing wave experiment is performed to make up one's mind the speed of waves in a rope. The standing wave design shown below is established in the rope. The rope makes xc.0 consummate vibrational cycles in exactly one infinitesimal. The speed of the waves is ____ chiliad/s.
| a. 3.0 | b. 6.0 | c. 180 | d. 360 | eastward. 540 |
Reply: B
Ninety vibrations in 60.0 seconds ways a frequency of one.50 Hz. The diagram shows 1.5 waves in six.0-meters of rope; thus, the wavelength (w) is 4 meters. Now use the equation v=f*west to calculate the speed of the wave. Proper substitution yields 6.0 m/s.
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36.
Continuing waves are produced in a wire past vibrating one end at a frequency of 100. Hz. The distance between the 2d and the 5th nodes is 60.0 cm. The wavelength of the original traveling wave is ____ cm.
| a. 50.0 | b. 40.0 | c. 30.0 | d. twenty.0 | east. xv.0 |
Answer: B
The frequency is given as 100. Hz and the wavelength can exist constitute from the other givens. The distance between adjacent nodes is one-half a wavelength; thus the 60.0-cm distance from 2nd to 5th node is ane.50 wavelengths. For this reason, the wavelength is twoscore.0 cm.
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37.
Consider the standing wave design shown below. A wave generated at the left end of the medium undergoes reflection at the fixed finish on the correct side of the medium. The number of antinodes in the diagram is
| a. 3.0 | b. 5.0 | c. half dozen.0 | d. 7.0 | due east. 12 |
Answer: C
An antinode is a point on the medium which oscillates from a large + to a big - displacement. Count the number of these points - there are 6 - just do not count them twice.
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38.
The standing wave pattern in the diagram above is representative of the ____ harmonic.
| a. third | b. fifth | c. sixth | d. seventh | e. twelfth |
Answer: C
If in that location are six antinodes in the standing wave pattern, and so it is the sixth harmonic.
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39.
The distance betwixt successive nodes in any standing wave design is equivalent to ____ wavelengths.
| a. i/4 | b. ane/two | c. 3/four | d. 1 | e. 2. |
Answer: B
Describe a standing moving ridge pattern or await at ane which is already drawn; note that the nodes are positioned one-half of a wavelength apart. This is true for guitar strings and for both closed-end and open-finish resonance tubes.
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40.
A vibrating tuning fork is held above a closed-end air column, forcing the air into resonance. If the sound waves created past the tuning fork have a wavelength of West, then the length of the air column could NOT exist ____.
| a. 1/4 W | b. 2/4 Westward | c. 3/4 W | d. v/4 W | east. vii/4 W |
Answer: B
Review your diagrams for the standing wave patterns in closed end air columns; note that resonance occurs when the length of the air column is 1/4, 3/four, 5/4, vii/4, ... of a wavelength. Because these possible resonant lengths are characterized by an odd-numbered numerator, it is said that closed-end air columns just produce odd harmonics.
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A vibrating tuning fork is held above an air column, forcing the air into resonance. The length of the air column is adjusted to obtain various resonances. The audio waves created by the tuning fork take a wavelength of W. The departure between the successive lengths of the air column at which resonance occurs is 1/2 W.
Answer: A
Truthful! Discover the standing moving ridge patterns and the length-wavelength relationships which we accept discussed for both open- and closed-end tubes. In each case, resonance occurs at lengths of tubes which are separated past one-half wavelength; e.1000., Closed: .25*W, .75*wW ane.25*W, 1.75*W... Open: .five*W, 1.0*W, 1.5*W, 2.0*W, ...
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An organ pipe which is closed at ane end volition resonate if its length is equal to one-half of the wavelength of the sound in the pipe.
Answer: B
It will resonate if the length is equal to the one-fourth (or three-fourths, or five-fourths or ...) the wavelength of the sound wave.
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43. A 20.0-cm long piping is covered at one finish in order to create a closed-end air column. A
vibrating tuning fork is held near its open cease, forcing the air to vibrate in its first harmonic. The wavelength of the standing wave blueprint is ____.
| a. 5.00 cm | b. x.0 cm | c. xx.0 cm | d. forty.0 cm | due east. 80.0 cm |
Reply: E
This is a closed-end air column. If you draw the standing wave blueprint for the first harmonic, yous will notice that the wavelength is four times the length of the air column. Thus take the length of twenty.0 cm and multiply by 4.
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44.
A stretched string vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 100. Hz. The frequency of the second harmonic is ____.
| a. 25.0 Hz | b. l.0 Hz | c. 100. Hz | d. 200. Hz | e. 400. Hz |
Answer: D
The frequency of the nth harmonic is north times the frequency of the first harmonic where n is an integer. Thus, f2 = two*f1 = 2*100. Hz = 200. Hz.
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45.
A forty.-cm long plastic tube is open at both ends and resonating in its starting time harmonic. The wavelength of the sound which will produce this resonance is ____.
| a. 10. cm | b. 20. cm | c. 40. cm | d. lxxx. cm | e. 160 cm |
Answer: D
For an open-cease air cavalcade, the length of the column is 0.5*wavelength. This becomes evident subsequently drawing the continuing moving ridge pattern for this harmonic. And so, plug in 40. cm for length and summate the wavelength.
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46.
The diagrams below stand for four unlike standing wave patterns in air columns of the same length. Which of the columns is/are vibrating at its/their central frequency? Include all that apply.
Answer: CD
The fundamental frequency is the lowest possible frequency for that instrument, and thus the longest possible wavelength. For open tubes, there would exist anti-nodes on each cease and a node in the heart. For closed end tubes, there would be a node on the closed end, an anti-node on the open end, and zippo in the middle. Diagram C is the third harmonic for a closed end tube and diagram D is the second harmonic for an open up-finish tube.
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47.
The diagrams in a higher place (Question #46) represent four different standing wave patterns in air columns of equal length. Which of the columns will produce the note having the highest pitch?
| a. A | b. B | c. C | d. D |
| e. All column produce notes having the aforementioned pitch | |||
Respond: D
Just look at the wave patterns and notice that the shortest wavelength is in diagram D and so it must have the highest frequency or pitch.
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48.
An air column closed at ane end filled with air resonates with a 200.-Hz tuning fork. The resonant length corresponding to the first harmonic is 42.5 cm. The speed of the sound must be ____.
| a. 85.0 m/s | b. 170. m/s | c. 340. m/s | d. 470. m/s | e. 940 m/s |
Answer: C
Describe the standing wave pattern for the first harmonic of a closed-end tube to assist with the length-wavelength relation. And then, L=0.425 m so w=one.70 m. Since f is given as 200. Hz, the speed can be calculated as f*due west or 200. Hz*1.7 m. The speed of sound is 340 g/s.
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A violinist plays a notation whose cardinal frequency is 220 Hz. The 3rd harmonic of that note is 800 Hz.
Answer: B
The frequency of the nth harmonic is n times the frequency of the first harmonic where n is an integer. Thus, fthree = 3*f1 = iii*220 Hz = 660 Hz.
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50.
In order for 2 audio waves to produce aural beats, it is essential that the ii waves have ____.
| a. the same amplitude | b. the aforementioned frequency |
| c. the same number of overtones | d. slightly different amplitudes |
| due east. slightly unlike frequencies |
Reply: East
Beats occur whenever two sound sources emit sounds of slightly different frequencies. Mayhap you recall the sit-in in class with the two tuning forks of slightly different frequencies.
51. TRUE or FALSE:
Two tuning forks with frequencies of 256 Hz and 258 Hz are sounded at the same time. Beats are observed; 2 beats volition be heard in 2 south.
Reply: B
Beats occur whenever two audio sources emit sounds of slightly different frequencies. The trounce frequency is just the difference in frequency of the ii sources. In this example, the beat frequency would be 2.0 Hz, which means that 2 beats would exist heard every 1 second or 4 beats every ii seconds.
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52. A tuning fork of frequency 384 Hz is sounded at the same time every bit a guitar string. Beats are observed; exactly 30 beats are heard in x.0 southward. The frequency of the string in hertz is ____.
| a. 38.4 | b. 354 or 414 | c. 369 or 399 | d. 374 or 394 | due east. 381 or 387 |
Answer: E
Beats occur whenever two sound sources emit sounds of slightly different frequencies. The beat frequency is just the deviation in frequency of the two sources. In this example, the vanquish frequency is given as 3.00 Hz, which means that the second source must have a frequency of either 3.00 Hz in a higher place or 3.00 Hz beneath the first source - either 381 Hz or 387 Hz.
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